Atualmente, observa-se o crescimento do número de adeptos às vertentes conservadoras de movimentos políticos e religiosos no cenário brasileiro e mundial. No catolicismo, destacam-se os chamados tradicionalistas, representantes da ala ultraconservadora da Igreja. Os “tradicionalistas de Campos”, em específico, encontram-se divididos entre as ideias apologéticas do Concílio de Trento, as exigências da sociedade moderna e a reforma proposta pelo Vaticano II, necessitando desenvolver adaptação do seu modo de comunicar seu ideal antimodernista, sem romper sua identidade idealizada. Nesse contexto, é produzida (...) nova identidade dentro de uma pluralidade de identidades, comunicando-se com estas, ainda que para negá-las – a Igreja Pós Conciliar e a sociedade onde está inserida. Portanto, nesta pesquisa, pretende-se analisar o ethos discursivo de Padre/Dom Rifan, nos seus livros Quer agrade, quer desagrade, escrito quando era porta voz da cismática União sacerdotal São João Maria Vianney, e o livro Sementes, escrito como bispo e administrador apostólico da referida Administração Apostólica. A partir da metodologia e referencial teórico da Análise do Discurso de filiação francesa, busca-se uma compreensão das bricolagens feitas pelo atual bispo administrador, que constituem o neotradicionalismo da Administração Apostólica, a qual, inspirada por seu líder, desenvolve um antimodernismo pós-moderno. Palavras-chave: Catolicismo. Antimodernismo. Tradicionalismo. Ethos Discursivo. (shrink)

This translation provides a Portuguese version of “The History of Dialectics”, written by Herbert Marcuse. The original was published as an encyclopedia entry on “Dialectics”, in Marxism, Communism, and Western Societies: A Comparative Encyclopaedia (New York: Herder and Herder, 1972). It starts by presenting a detailed analysis of “The Significance of Dialectics in Ancient Philosophy”, since Zeno, the Sophists and Socrates to Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics and Plotinus. Further on, Marcuse writes a section on “The Significance of Dialectics in Kant, (...) Fichte and Hegel”; he finally concludes with an approach to “The Meaning and Significance of Dialectics in Marx”, the only philosopher who was bestowed with a whole section. Overall, this text exhibits a very comprehensive, qualified analysis of the history of dialectics and reveals Marcuse as a first-rated philosophical scholar in the concept of dialectics. (shrink)

Entrevista realizada em outubro de 2023 por Rafael Cordeiro Silva, Ana Paula de Ávila Gomide, João Paulo Andrade Dias, Victor Hugo de Oliveira Saldanha e concedida a Educação e Filosofia para publicação no v. 37, n. 81, p. 1727-1740, set./dez. 2023, como parte integrante do Dossiê Teoria Crítica 100 Anos organizado por Prof. Dr. Rafael Cordeiro Silva, Prof. Drª. Ana Paula de Ávila Gomide e Prof. Dr. Sertório de Amorim e Silva Neto, e também publicado nesta mesma edição.

O presente artigo discute o direito a ter direitos, compreendido como a formulação de uma personalidade jurídica a partir da qual são atribuídos direitos legais aos indivíduos. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo, a problemática desenvolvida nesta pesquisa consiste em ampliar esse conceito para além de seu diagnóstico político-jurídico, compreendendo a ideia de descartabilidade decorrente de sua destituição pelos regimes totalitários como uma consequência da mudança de percepção moral sobre a humanidade. A hipótese a ser analisada é (...) a de que de que o direito a ter direitos pode vir a ser interpretado como uma teoria da dignidade humana à medida em que, para ser efetivado, depende de uma moralidade que permita o reconhecimento mútuo entre os indivíduos e que perceba o corpo como um limite que deve ser respeitado. (shrink)

GALIMBERTI, Umberto. Rastros do Sagrado: o Cristianismo e a dessacralização do Sagrado. Wander Moreira da Costa KONINGS, Johan S. J. Ser cristão: fé e prática. Paulo Agostinho Nogueira Baptista KONINGS, Johan S. J. Liturgia dominical: mistério de Cristo e formação dos fiéis (anos A-B-C) Victor René Villavicencio Matienzo.

Review BARROZO, Victor Breno Farias. Modernidade religiosa : memória, transmissão e emoção no pensamento de Danièle Hervieu-Léger. São Paulo: Fonte Editorial, 2014.

Many contemporary ethicists use case-based reasoning to reach consistent beliefs about ethical matters. The idea is that particular cases elicit moral intuitions, which provide defeasible reasons to believe in their content. However, most proponents of case-based moral reasoning are not very explicit about how they resolve inconsistencies and how they abstract principles from judgments about particular cases. The aim of this article is to outline a methodology—called Consistency Reasoning Casuistry—for case-based reasoning in ethics. This methodology draws on Richmond Campbell and (...) Victor Kumar’s naturalistic model for the resolution of inconsistencies between the content of intuitions about particular cases. I argue that reasons similar to those that motivate their model also support a more abstract form of moral reasoning that goes beyond mere resolutions of inconsistencies between case judgments and demands the formulation of more abstract moral norms. Consistency Reasoning Casuistry, it is argued, is a good candidate for a methodology for case-based moral reasoning that is in harmony with paradigms of contemporary moral psychology and that can accommodate the methodology implicit in the work of many contemporary ethicists. (shrink)

A luta das famílias mais pobres pelo direito de ocupação dos centros urbanos tem marcado a formação das cidades brasileiras e dado origem a vários movimentos de moradia. Essa realidade, no entanto, tem pouca presença na imprensa. Quando coberta, segundo a percepção das lideranças desses movimentos, é carregada de narrativas que remetem à criminalização das famílias e de seus representantes. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a representação social dos protagonistas dessa causa no contexto da tragédia do Paissandu, (...) quando o incêndio de um edifício ocupado por 150 famílias de baixa renda explicitou as diversas faces do problema. Para isso, foram analisadas 110 reportagens e contempladas as impressões das lideranças dos movimentos de moradia, por meio dos recursos da observação participante e da entrevista em profundidade. (shrink)

Brazilian society has frequently been described as polarized during the country’s recent political and economic crisis. In 2018, a wave of opposition to the centre-left Workers’ Party culminated in the election of Jair Bolsonaro, a right-wing populist who portrays the political left as a malevolent force in Brazilian society. In this paper I explore this polarization through drawing on ethnographic research with the Homeless Workers’ Movement (Movimento de Trablhadores Sem-Teto, MTST), a large urban social movement that develops settlements on underutilized (...) land in the city, and a prominent civil society opponent of Bolsonaro. More specifically, I examine a key site of socio-spatial tension in São Paulo, Paulista Avenue, as a new political right came to predominate on the city’s main thoroughfare during the campaign to impeach the Workers’ Party President, Dilma Rousseff. I show how the perceived intolerance of the mobilized right helped to establish new normative codes that regulated the political symbolism which could be displayed in public spaces. Lastly, I consider how the vilification of the MTST in particular and the political left in general by the new right is embedded in broader structures of stigmatization. (shrink)

Em um de seus últimos artigos publicados na Folha de S. Paulo, Ferreira Gullar defendeu a necessidade de se reinventar uma nova utopia para o tempo presente: “por isso mesmo, o fim do regime comunista provocou um vazio ideológico, que necessita ser preenchido, uma vez que a sociedade humana, sem utopia, torna-se inviável”. Trata-se da última dentre tantas reviravoltas em sua saudosa trajetória intelectual. Diante disso, discutimos aqui uma das principais contribuições para esse debate, presente Em um rabo de (...) foguete: trauma e cultura política em Ferreira Gullar, de Marcus Vinícius Furtado da Silva Oliveira. Neste livro, o autor procurou identificar e interpretar várias dessas reviravoltas presentes na vida intelectual do poeta e crítico literário maranhense. Notoriamente, algo que poderia enfraquecer o argumento de uma de suas teses centrais - no caso, o cancelamento das utopias em Ferreira Gullar – ao contrário, acabou por trazer ainda mais relevância para o trabalho, coincidentemente publicado no mesmo ano do texto de Gullar. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Response to C. Victor Fung and Leonard Tan, “‘Love of All Wisdoms’: Toward A Multiphilosophical Approach To Music Education”Lauren Kapalka RichermeFung and Tan’s arguments regarding the limits of our profession’s longstanding narrow focus on Eurocentric and American philosophical traditions are crucially important, and I think the majority of PMER readers will agree about the need to engage with philosophies written by those from diverse geographic locations and with (...) other forms of contrasting lived experiences. Additionally, this essay contains many thoughtful clarifications, including the importance of local and individualized needs, accruing philosophical wisdoms over time, and ongoing reflexivity. I found the conceptualization of boundaries “as a connecting agent rather than a separation device” particularly intriguing. Moreover, I applaud Fung and Tan for their work outside of this paper; their efforts to translate and extend various Asian philosophical ideas have certainly enriched the graduate philosophy classes that I teach.1 For me, the joy of any philosophical inquiry is the questions and imaginings it incites, and these authors have certainly given me a lot to contemplate. I begin this response with a couple of wonderments and then provide a possible extension of this valuable work. [End Page 185]One of my wonderments regards the relationship between culturally sustaining pedagogy and the proposed multiphilosophical approach. Fung and Tan write, “Ontological and axiological questions regarding the meaning of music in education and in the broader life are still unaddressed” and specifically ask “To what extent should musics of the students’ cultural tradition be customized and incorporated in the curriculum?” Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy or CSP, which is a primary contemporary outgrowth of the multicultural education movement, provides a clear response. Django Paris and H. Sami Alim write that Culturally Responsive Pedagogy:seeks to perpetuate and foster—to sustain—linguistic, literate, and cultural pluralism as part of schooling for positive social transformation. CSP positions dynamic cultural dexterity as a necessary good, and sees the outcome of learning as additive rather than subtractive.... Culturally sustaining pedagogy exists wherever education sustains the lifeways of communities who have been and continue to be damaged and erased through schooling.2Given the similarities between this explanation and Fung and Tan’s description of a multiphilosophical approach, I wonder if they could say more about points of alignment and disagreement. Might their arguments serve as an extension of CSP?Another wonderment I have is: What does a multiphilosophical approach exclude? I’m intrigued by Fung and Tan’s rich metaphor of a Chinese medicine cabinet and find it applicable to an array of philosophies. Yet, equating students to “patients” and a music educator to a “doctor” who “writes a prescription for a patient” is incompatible with some philosophies. For example, such language implies a banking model of education that undermines Brazilian philosopher Paulo Freire’s core tenets.3 Given that no metaphor or philosophical approach can address everything, I wonder if in addition to inclusions, a multiphilosophical approach necessarily relies on certain exclusions. I spend the remainder of this response positing three potential ways that exclusions might extend Fung and Tan’s ideas.First, inclusive approaches such as Fung and Tan’s multiphilosophy necessarily exclude philosophies resistant to openness and varying viewpoints. Philosophies that forward single prescribed educational ends or limited ways of being musical cannot function within a multiphilosphical approach and therefore must be excluded. Moreover, Fung and Tan’s references to democracy and use of Dewey suggest that a main purpose of a multiphilosophical approach is to propagate liberal pluralism. Such thinking aligns with Meira Levinson’s ideas about liberal education. She writes: “liberal citizenship does require certain habits and virtues, and pluralism is rightly restricted to individuals holding conceptions of [End Page 186] the good which are compatible with liberal citizenship.”4 Specifically, Levinson argues that these habits and virtues include respecting the democratic process, paying attention to public issues, and public involvement through voting and other forms of engagement. While I agree with Fung and Tan that “contemporary diverse needs are localized and always evolving,” those needs exist within larger socio-political-economic structures that inevitably rely on certain exclusions. The nature of those exclusions informs how “diverse needs” are understood and addressed... (shrink)

O significado filosófico e teológico do trabalho adquire, na modernidade, uma urgência bem compreendida seja pelo materialismo marxista seja pelo espiritualismo cristão, como atestam os Manuscritos Económico-filosóficos de Marx e a encíclica Laborem Exercens de João Paulo II. Desta preocupação, contudo, já se incumbiram as épocas anteriores. Na antiguidade greco-romana existiam, ao lado do preconceito áulico sobre o trabalho das mãos, associações religiosas de trabalhadores. No cristianismo, inaugurado por um Deus-carpinteiro, o trabalho transformou-se num lugar de conhecimento de Deus. (...) A Patrística interpreta o agir manual do homem como glorificacao de Deus, serviço ao próximo e aperfeiçoamento de si. Durante a revolução intelectual e social do século XII, Hugo de São Victor, no Didascalicon, dá às "artes mechanicae" um estatuto filósofico, e São Bernardo, no De Diligendo Deo, situa o trabalho no primeiro dos quatro graus daquele amor, que é lei suprema de um universo ordenado a Deus, sumo amor. /// In modern times, the philosophical and theological meaning of work acquires an urgency anticipated by the Marxistic materialism and the Christian spirituality, as witnessed by the Economic-philosophical Manuscripts of Karl Marx and the encyclical letter Laborems Exercens of John Paul II. But this preoccupation was already present in earlier times. In Greco-Roman history there were aulical preconceptions about the work of man's hands, but there were also religious associations of workers where work was celebrated. The fact that God incarnated in a carpenter made Him familiar with such work. The Church Fathers interpret the work of man's hands as glorification of God, service to one's neighbor and perfection of self. In 1127, during the intellectual and social revolution of the twelfth century, Hugh of Saint-Victor gave a philosophical statute to the mechanical arts in his Didascalicon. Saint Bernard, in De Diligendo Deo, identifies work with the first of the four degrees of that love which is the supreme law of the universe ordained for God, the supreme love. (shrink)

The book outlines the contribution of passivity to the constitution of phenomena as diverse as temporal syntheses, perceptual associations, memory fulfillment and cross-cultural communication.

RESUMO: Desde os primórdios dos espetáculos teatrais inteiramente musicados, estabelece-se a convenção tácita do final feliz. Desse modo, até mesmo episódios oriundos de escritores antigos, com conhecidos finais funestos, acabaram sendo transformados, acomodando a trama aos usos dos locais onde óperas eram apresentadas. Apesar de parecer uma solução fácil ou episódica, há algumas questões poéticas envolvidas, o que transparece sobretudo em alguns escritos sobre ópera, no século XVIII. A proposta deste artigo é discutir, em primeiro lugar, através de exemplos, como (...) o final feliz acontece em algumas óperas e qual a função que nelas desempenha; num segundo momento, a intenção é mostrar como a crítica italiana do final do século XVIII se mobiliza para dar conta da questão. ABSTRACT: Ever since the appearance of the first dramas entirely set to music, happy endings have emerged as a tacit convention. Even ancient myths with their sad endings were transformed, adapting plots to local customs where operas were performed. Although it may seem a facile or occasional solution, there are some important poetical questions involved which appear in certain writings on opera from the eighteenth century. The purpose of this article is to discuss, by means of examples, how the happy ending appears in some operas, and what function it has. The article also pretends to show how Italian critics of the late eighteenth century approached the question. (shrink)

This article presents Nietzsche's notion of the Übermensch (le surhomme in French) as a development of romanticism conceived of as a quest to reveal the sentiment that defines or characterizes each individual as an individual. This approach reveals the affinities between Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, notably with respect to Schopenhauer's notion of Will that Nietzsche transforms into that of the Will to power, thereby underscoring what can be considered as Nietzsche's individualism. We argue that as a romantic notion, the notion of (...) Übermensch fashions an ideal of what life could be but overlooks the importance of otherness and the role that otherness plays in defining the individual. Going beyond Nietzsche implies that the Übermensch, as a logical construct neglects the desire to please that constitutes an important part of an individual's relation with otherness. (shrink)

Volume 19, Issue 6, June 2019, Page 44-46.

This book explores the literature on spirituality as an important dimension of psychology, and explains the relationship between psychological treatment and ...

If a God exists who plays an important role in the world and in human lives, then that God should be detectable by his actions. We should see evidence for his existence in physics and cosmology. We do not. We should see evidence in biology. We do not. We should see evidence in people’s lives. We do not. In no case is it necessary to introduce an immaterial, spiritual element to explain the universe. All our observations of the world look (...) just as they should look if there is no God. (shrink)

This book investigates the argument from queerness against moral realism, famously put forward by J. L. Mackie in Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (1977). The book can be divided into two parts. The first part, roughly comprising chapters 1 and 2, gives a critical overview of Mackie’s metaethics. In chapter 1 it is suggested that the argument from queerness is the only argument that poses a serious threat to moral realism. A partial defense of this idea is offered in chapter (...) 2 via a discussion of Mackie’s argument from relativity, which is concluded to fail for reasons that generalize to other influential arguments against moral realism. Chapter 2 also explores Mackie’s moral semantics at length. The key notion of authoritative prescriptivity is analyzed, and a new interpretation of Mackie’s error theory is defended. In the second part, consisting roughly of chapters 3 and 4, the argument from queerness is taken apart and put back together, resulting in several different versions. Chapter 3 discusses three different supervenience-related arguments, all of which are found to be unpersuasive. Chapter 4 develops two different versions of the core argument from queerness, focusing on authoritative prescriptivity. A total of thirteen objections are discussed and rejected. It is concluded that the two arguments do indeed refute the targeted versions of moral realism. Finally, in chapter 5 the entire discussion is briefly summarized. (shrink)

Em Pedagogia da esperança, escrito em 1992, Paulo Freire faz uma reflexão sobre Pedagogia do oprimido, publicado em 1968, durante o seu exílio no Chile. Nesse reencontro, analisa suas experiências pedagógicas em quase três décadas nos mais diferentes países. Um relato valioso, elaborado com cientificidade, humildade e coerência, que recusa o determinismo e mostra a história humana como um feixe de possibilidades. O livro conta ainda com a colaboração de Ana Maria Araújo Freire, através das notas explicativas, e prefácio (...) de Leonardo Boff. (shrink)

The author attempts to specify the meaning of the central ontological and metaphysical concepts 'social existence', 'social reality' and 'life world'. He looks into such issues as 'How does social existence arise?', 'What legitimates social reality?', 'How are general intersubjective senses of such reality formed?' and eventually 'Who is responsible for social existence (and probably existence in general)?' From a retrospective journey into the history and theoretical explications the author endeavors to look for the empiristic content of these concepts, which (...) opens up in cultural and linguistic space of West European tradition. The only subject responsible for the existent universe is the man who is also responsible for existence. Notably, this responsibility is not of abstract nature, it is not the responsibility for some obscure existence, it is rather specific organization of one's own life space which gives rise to 'healthy' existence. According to the author, such responsibility remains however a wishful project for Ukrainian reality. (shrink)

1. T. Der hellenische Staat.--2. T. Der hellenistische Staat.

The affective though and the intuition in moral judgment has been discovered lately (Haidt, 2001). This article analyzes the Moral Judgment theory (Kohlberg, 1964) and the basic logical operations (Piaget, 1950). The rational stages with a few intervention of emotion have been historically assumed by moral judgment theory, which judges the affective as a mistaken notion and as a simple cognitive extension (Greene & Haidt, 2002). This paper demonstrates that the Piagetian basic operations, seriation and categorization are applicable to an (...) affective system. In addition, the intuition is a moral determinant and finally, that neuronal activity confirms an intuitional cognition for the resolution of social problems. It is expected that the present deliberation guides and stimuli researches on the intuition and emotion in moral judgment. (shrink)

Although the nascent church had no program for social reform, careful study of the Synoptic traditions about Jesus and of the letters of Paul do give us access to early and decisive developments in Christian attitudes to the world and therefore to such issues as war and peace.

Se abordan dos formas de justicia en principio antagónicas: la retributiva, propia del mundo de los héroes y de la venganza antigua, y la punitiva, de tradición tanto antigua como moderna, que consiste en la racionalización de la violencia mediante el tribunal. Se muestra la preeminencia de la punitiva, el antagonismo a medias con la retributiva, que viene a ser la apropiación de la violencia por la necesidad (dios, destino, Estado), y su marginación del ámbito de la justicia.

Stone and Dung, Oil and Spit: Jewish Daily Life in the Time of Jesus. By Jodi Magness. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2011. Pp. xv + 335, illus. $25.